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Anacardium occidentale
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Family:
ANACARDIACEAE
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Citation: Anacardium occidentale L., Sp. Pl. 583. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 20. 1876; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 260(185). 1918; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 73. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 127. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 109. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 120. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 115. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 147. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 135. 1990; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 82. 1997; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 82. 1995; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 126. 1994; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 125. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 167. 1997; D. Chandra & S.K. Mukh. in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: 437. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 77. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 149. 2005; V. Chandra. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 797. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 188. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 258. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kappamavu, Kasumavu, Parangimavu
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Cashew-nut tree, Cashew Apple, Caju
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Description:
Gregarious evergreen trees, to 15 m high, bark pale grey to brown, smooth with vertical striations; blaze dull pink; exudation sticky, red; branchlets glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, somewhat crowded on twig apices, 6-15.5 x 3-8 cm, obovate; apex obtuse, round or retuse, base acute or cuneate, round, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above, coriaceous; petiole 7-15 mm, stout, swollen at base, glabrous; lateral nerves 10-15 pairs, parallel, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent; glands axillary on main nerves and its branches. Flowers polygamous, yellow, streaked with pink, in terminal prominently bracteate panicles. Calyx 5-partite, lanceolate, imbricate, deciduous, with some pubescence on outside. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, ligulate, recurved, imbricate; disc filling the base of the calyx, erect. Stamens 8-10, one usually longer than others; filaments connate at the base and adnate to the disc, glandular puberulus. Ovary superior, obovoid or obcordate, 1-celled, ovule 1, ascending from a lateral funicle; style filiform, excentric; stigma minute. Fruit a reniform nut, 2-3 cm, grey, seated on a large pyriform fleshy body formed of enlarged disc and top of the pedicel; pericarp gives acrid caustic oil; seed reniform, ascending.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
November-April
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Cultivated
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Distribution:
Native of South America; now widely cultivated in Asia and Africa
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow, Pink
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
Yes
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Peechi, Bekal, Taliparamba, Lock-hert gap, Agali, Dhoni R. F., Karivara slopes, Mangalam Dam area, Thiruvizhamkunnu, Punnapra, Nilambur, Ettapadappu, Kulathupuzha
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