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Cassia fistula
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Family:
FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Subfam.: Caesalpinioideae)
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Citation: Cassia fistula L., Sp. Pl. 377. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 201. 1878; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 400(283). 1919; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 96. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 162. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 143. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 91. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 164. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 144. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 218. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 181. 1990; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 15. 1992; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 165. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 118. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 10,17. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 163. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 107. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 233. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 121. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 111. 1999; V. Singh, Monogr. Indian Subtribe Cassiinae 25. 2001; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 107. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 229. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 197. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 254. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 322. 2009.
Cassia rhombifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 334. 1832.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kanikonna, Karnikaram, Konna, Kritamalam, Swarnaviram
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Indian laburnum, Fistula, Goldem shower, Purging cassia, Purging fistula
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Description:
Deciduous trees, to18 m high, bark 8-10 mm, thick, surface pale when young, dark grey when old, smooth, exfoliating in hard scales. Leaves paripinnate, alternate, leaflets 6-16, opposite, 5-18.5 x 3-6.5 cm, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, apex acuminate, base obtuse, round or acute, margin entire, glabrous above, glaucous and puberulent beneath, coriaceous; stipules small, free, lateral, cauducous; rachis 14.5-36 cm, slender, pulvinate, glabrous; petiolule 4-7 mm long, slender, grooved above; lateral nerves 9-25, pinnate, slender, prominent, secondary laterals prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers bisexual, 3.7-5 cm across, yellow, in axillary drooping racemes; pedicels 3-7 cm. Calyx tube short, lobes 5, 1 x 0.6 cm, ovate, apex obtuse, reflexed. Petals 5, 2.5 x 1.5 cm, obovate, subequal, clawed. Stamens 10, all fertile; upper 3 short with erect filaments to 7.5 mm; anthers 3 mm, basifixed; lower 3 large with curved filaments, to 3 cm; anthers 5 mm, dorsifixed; medium 4 with erect filaments to 1 cm; anthers versatile with curved beak to 6.5 mm; anthers dehiscing by apical pores. Ovary half inferior, appressed-pubescent; ovules many; style to 5 mm; stigma punctiform. Fruit a pod 30-60 x 1.2-1.6 cm, cylindrical, black, shortly stipitate, indehiscent, woody, transversely septate; seeds 25-100, 6-8 mm broad, ovoid, pale brown, immersed in pulp.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
February-September
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Moist deciduous forests, widely planted as ornamental plant
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
Yes
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
300-700
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Localities:
Peechi, Kattalappara, Palapetty, Koruthode, Thunakkadavu, Panthenthode border, Arampa, Begur, Parappa, Taliparamba, Chindaki forest, Mukkali forests, Walayar, Boneccord, Kottur R.F., Haripad, Nedumkayam, Thenmalai, Ariankavu, Kulathupuzha, Karamanayar re
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