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Ficus racemosa
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Family:
MORACEAE
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Citation: Ficus racemosa L., Sp. Pl. 1060. 1753; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 275. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 379. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 357. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 433. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 753. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 448. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 353. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 430. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 304. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 668. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 395. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 299. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 312. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 635. 2002; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 664. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 774. 2009.
Ficus glomerata Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 123. 1799; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 535. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1364(954). 1928.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Atthi, Atthi-al, Jantuphalam, Udumbaram
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Cluster fig, Gular fig, Country fig
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Description:
Deciduous trees, to 30 m high; bole buttressed; bark 8-10 mm thick, surface reddish-brown or yellowish-brown smooth, coarsely flaky, fibrous; latex milky; young shoots and twigs finely white hairy, soon glabrous; branchlets 1.5-3 mm thick, puberulous. Leaves simple, alternate, 6-15 x 3.5-6 cm, ovate, obovate, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate, apex narrowed, blunt or acute, base acute, obtuse or cuneate, margin entire, membranous, glabrous, blistered appearance on drying; 3-ribbed from base, 4-8 pairs, slender, pinnate, prominent beneath, intercostae reticulate, obscure; stipules 12-18 mm long, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, pubescent, often persistent on young shoots; petiole 10-50 mm long, slender, grooved above, becoming brown scurfy. Flowers unisexual; inflorescence a syconia, on short leafless branches or warty tubercles of trunk or on larger branches, subglobose to pyriform, smooth, often lenticellate-verrucose; peduncle 3-12 mm long, stout, orifice plane or slightly sunken, closed by 5-6 apical bracts; internal bristles none; basal bracts 3, 1-2 m long, ovate-triangular, obtuse, persistent; flowers of unisexual, 4 kinds; male flowers near the mouth of receptacles, in 2-3 rings, sessile, much compressed; tepals 3-4, dentate-lacerate, lobes jointed below, red, glabrous; stamens 2, exserted; filaments 1 mm, connate below; anthers oblong, parallel; female flowers sessile or very shortly stalked among gall flowers; tepals 3-4, dentate-lacerate, lobes jointed below, red, glabrous, ovary superior, sessile or substipitate, red spotted; style 2-3 mm long, glabrous, simple; stigma clavate; gall flowers long stalked; ovary dark red, rough; style short. Syconium 2.5 x 2 cm, orange, pink or dark crimson; achene granulate.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
February-May
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Semi-evergreen and deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia to Australia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
700-1200
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Localities:
Peechi, Rosemala, Thayanankkudy, Chenthamara, Thekkady, Kuriarkutty, Manjeswar, Taliparamba, Dhoni R. F., Mukkali forests, Kasaragod, Kanichukulangara, Kanjirakadavu, Ariankavu, Athirumala
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