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Garcinia indica
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Family:
CLUSIACEAE/GUTTIFERAE
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Citation: Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy in DC., Prodr. 1: 561. 1824; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 261. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 73(53). 1915; N.P. Singh in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 113. 1993; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 150. 2000; W. Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 337. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 138. 2009.
Brindonia indica Thouars, Dict. Sci. Nat. 5: 340. 1804.
Garcinia purpurea (G. Don) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 624. 1832.
Stalagmitis indica (Thouars) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 621. 1831.
Stalagmitis purpurea G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 621. 1831.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Punampuli,
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Brindonia tallow tree, Goa-Butter, Indian Berry, Indian gamboge, Indian Tallow Tree, Kokum, Kokam butter tree, Mangosteen oil tree, Wild mangosteen
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Description:
Trees, to 15 m high, bole buttressed, bark lpale brown, very thin, smooth, rather shiny; branchlets drooping. young branches subterete, irregularly striate. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate, estipulate; petiole 5-12 mm long, slender, glabrous; lamina 6.5-11 x 1.5-4 cm, lanceolate or obovate-oblong, base attenuate, apex acute or acuminate, margin entire, glabrous, shining, membranous; lateral nerves 7-18 pairs, parallel, slender, prominent, intercostae reticulate. Flowers polygamodioecious; male flowers: 4-8 in axillary and terminal fascicles; pedicels 6 mm long; sepals 4, yellowish-orange to pinkish-orange, coriaceous, ovate-rotundate, outer ones 3-4.5 mm long, inner ones 4.5-5 mm long; petals 4, 5-6 mm long, thick; stamens many, inserted on a hemispheric subquardate torus; filaments short; anthers oblong, truncate, loculi laterally introrse; rudimentary pistil absent or a few equalling the stamens; female flowers: solitary, terminal; pedicels 3 mm long; sepals and petals as in male flowers; staminodes 10-, 18, in 4 unequal, 2 to 3 seriate phalanges alternating with petals, 1-3 mm long; ovary superior, 4-8 locular, subglobose; stigma 4-8 rayed, convex, coronate, rays tuberculate, often 2-seriate. Fruit a berry, 2.5-4 cm across, 4-8 loculed, purple or wine brown, surrounded by persistent calyx; pulp red; seeds 5-8, compressed in acidic pulp.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
November-August
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District(s):
Kasaragode, Wayanad, Idukki
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Cultivated
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Distribution:
Western Ghats
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
Yes
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
Western Ghats
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
50-1000
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Localities:
Old Devicolam
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