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Garcinia xanthochymus
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Family:
CLUSIACEAE/GUTTIFERAE
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Citation: Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex Anders. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 269. 1874; N.P. Singh in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 129. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 72. 1994; W. Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 345. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 109. 2009.
Xanthochymus pictorius Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 51. t. 196. 1805, non Garcinia pictoria Roxb. 1832.
Xanthochymus tinctorius DC., Prodr. 1: 562. 1824, 'pictorius'.
Garcinia tinctoria (DC.) Wight in U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 137: 50. 1909; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 74(53). 1915.
Garcinia pictorius (Roxb.) D. Arcy, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 998. 1980; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 20. 1988.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Anavaya, Andoor mavu, Bhaviyam, Monthanpuli, Pinar, Thamalam, Vayirapuli
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Egg tree, Gamboge, Mysore Gamboge, Himalayan Garcinia, Sour Mangosteen, Yellow Mangosteen
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Description:
Evergreen trees, to 20 m; bark 6 mm thick, blackish or dark grey, exfoliating in small flakes; blaze creamy-yellow; exudation white turning yellow; branches horizontal, tips drooping; branchlets 4-angular. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 10-30 mm long, angular, rugulose, prominent ligulate projection at base, glabrous; lamina 12-45 x 4-12 cm, linear oblong, oblong or oblong-lanceolate; base cuneate or acute; apex acute or acuminate; margin entire, glabrous, shining, coriaceous; lateral nerves 15-20 pairs, slender, pinnate, arched near the margin forming intramarginal nerves; intercostae reticulate, prominent, secondary laterals prominent. Flowers polygamodioecious, white; male flowers: 1.5 cm across, 4-10 in fascicles, axillary or from the axils of the fallen leaves; pedicels thick, to 2.5 cm long; sepals [4]-5, orbicular-concave, unequal, apex ciliate; petals 5, 8 mm long, orbicular, incurved, spreading, greenish; stamens in 5 broad bundles of 3-5 each, alternating with 5 fleshy glands; anthers bilocular; female flowers: solitary; staminodes few, complanate; ovary ovoid, acuminate, 5 locular, ovules one in each cell; style short; stigmatic rays 5, oblong, spreading, entire. Fruit a berry, yellow, when ripe, 4.5-5.5 x 4-4.5 cm, stigmatic lobes 5; pulp yellow, acidic, seeds 1-2, reniform, 2.5-3 x 2.5 cm, smooth.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
Throughout the year
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District(s):
Alappuzha, Thiruvananthapuram, Palakkad, Malappuram
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Mostly cultivated
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White, Creamy
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Walakkad, Ponmudi, Kadakarapally
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