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Helicteres isora
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Family:
STERCULIACEAE
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Citation: Helicteres isora L., Sp. Pl. 963. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 365. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 107(77). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 51. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 93. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 80. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 31. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 67. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 81. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 79. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 89. 1990; K.C. Malick in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 426. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 85. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 41. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12, 19; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 66. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 42. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 99. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 36. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 41. 1999; Pradeep, Fl. Vellarimala 27. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 33. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 107. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 94. 2005; V. Chithra in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 456. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 137. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 162. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Edampiri-Valampiri, Eeswaramoori, Kaivum, Kayinaru, Kayivilanaru, Kayivoolam, Kayyunanna, Valampiri
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
East Indian screw tree
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Description:
Large shrubs or small trees; bark pale greyish, finely wrinkled; young shoots stellate- tomentose. Leaves simple, alternate, 5-12 x 3-8 cm, obovate to suborbicular, apex acute or acuminate, base cordate, margin irregularly crenate- serrate; 3-5-nerved at the base, scabrous above and stellately tomentose below; petioles to 1.2 cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes; bracts 2-3 mm long, linear, 2 brown glands present in the axil of bracts; pedicel to 6 mm long. Calyx slightly yellow, persistent, tubular, splitting in to 5 irregular lobes; tube 1.5-2 cm long , densely stellate hairy without. Petals 5, unequal, 2-2.5 cm long, obovate, clawed, crimson, fading to pale blue. Staminal column 3-3.5 cm long, cylindric; stamens 10 ; staminodes 5. Ovary 2-2.5 mm long, placed at tip of gynophore, 5-lobed, 5-celled; ovules many; style 5; stigma subulate. Follicles 5, 4-6 cm long, spirally twisted, stellate-tomentose, beaked; seeds 2-3 mm long, angular, black, wrinkled.
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Habit:
Shrub
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-March
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Deciduous forests, also in plantations and plains
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia, China and Australia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Red
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
500-1200
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Localities:
Peechi, Kattalappara, Ichampetty, Pachakkanam, Chindaki forest, Vengoli, Moozhiar, Ranni, Aruvanpara, Tolpetty, Begur, Payyanur, Taliparamba, Kaikatty, Mukkali forests, Siruvani slopes, Erulankadu-Malapuzha, Alleppey town, Karimpuzha, Vandalodu, Thenmala
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