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Holigarna nigra
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Family:
ANACARDIACEAE
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Citation: Holigarna nigra Bourd., Indian J. For. 30: 95. 1904; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 268(191). 1918; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 66. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 137. 1990; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 82. 1998; D. Chandra & S.K. Mukh. in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: 462. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 79. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 146. 2005; V. Chandra. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 805. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 252. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chiri, Cherei
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Trees, to 30 m high, bark 5-6 mm thick, grey, smooth; exudation black. Leaves simple, alternate, estipulate; petiole 20-25 mm long, stout, glabrous; spur 2 or 4, cauducous; lamina 7.5-15 x 3.7-5 cm, spathulate, not suddenly broadened above the base, base cuneate, apex obtuse or emarginate, margin entire, dark green, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 6-9 pairs, parallel, prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers polygamous, purple-white, in terminal and axillary dark purple brown tomentose racemes and panicle of 30.5 cm long in males and 7.5 cm long in female flowers; pedicels stout; calyx villous, cupular, lobes 5; petals 5, white within, clothed with white hairs; stamens 5, filaments white, anthers black; disc 5 lobed; ovary inferior, obconic, tomentose, 1-celled; styles 3, recurved; stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe, 4 x 1.5 cm, obovoid, glabrous.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
March-May
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District(s):
Palakkad, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Wayanad, Kozhikkode
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Evergreen forests
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Distribution:
Southern Western Ghats
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
Southern Western Ghats
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
650-1300
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Localities:
Kathiramudi, Karimala, Aruvanpara, Kakki dam area, Singampara-Siruvani forests
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