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Lepisanthes tetraphylla
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Family:
SAPINDACEAE
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Citation: Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Koenigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 8: 276. 1878; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 247(176). 1918; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 125. 1984; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 64. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 113. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 132. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 77. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 25, 33; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 118. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 76. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 164. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 79. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 76. 1999; P.C. Pant in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: 372. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 75. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 174. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 142. 2005; P. Singh & E. Vajr. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 781. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 185. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 245. 2009.
Sapindus tetraphylla Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 1794.
Hemigyrosa canescens (Roxb.) Blume, Rumphia 3: 166. 1849; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 671. 1875.
Molinaea canescens Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 60. 1796.
Lepisanthes deficiens (Wight & Arn.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Koenigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 8: 276. 1878; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 247(176). 1918.
Sapindus deficiens Wight & Arn., Prodr. 111. 1834.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kalpoovathi, Kulapunna, Naikolli, Poovalmaram
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Evergreen trees, to 15 m high; trunk and branchlets crooked; bark reddish-brown, peels off in irregular thin scale, rough. Leaves paripinnate, alternate, estipulate; leaflets 4-8, opposite or subopposite, 6-22 x 2-6 cm, elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate-oblong or oblong lanceolate, apex obtuse, emarginate, acute or acuminate, base acute, obtuse or unequal, margin entire, undulate, glabrous, coriaceous; rachis 1.5-20 cm, terete, stout, glabrous, swollen at base; lateral nerves 6-13 pairs, pinnate, prominent, secondary laterals also prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers polygamodioecious, creamy yellow, crowed in axillary or terminal panicles; branches fulvous-tomentose. Sepals 5, hairy outside, glabrous within; outer 2 smaller than inner 3, in 2 rows. Petals 4-5, obovate, subequal, obtuse, 2-fid, fimbriate, inner surface callose at base and with 2-3 scales, often scales attached to the claw; disc thick, 4-5 lobed. Stamens 8; filaments free, pilose; anthers ovoid. Ovary superior, globose, eccentric, trigonus, 3-celled, ovules 1 each cell; style simple; stigma oblique. Fruit a drupe, 2 x 1.5 cm, subglobose or trigonus, orange-yellow, tomentose, apiculate; seed one, oblong, exarillate.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
February-July
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Semi-evergreen and evergreen forests, also in the sacred groves
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia and Africa
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Creamy, Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
500-1000
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Localities:
Peechi, Vellanimala, Chimmini, Kaladi, Rosemala, Kattalappara, Chinnar, Chenthamara, Pooppara, Walakkad, below Poochapara, Kalleli, Chandanathode, Ayyappankovil, Mukkali forests, Venmony, Ampumala, Kalangkunnu, Karamanayar region, Attayar
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