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Manihot esculenta
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Family:
EUPHORBIACEAE
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Citation: Manihot esculenta Crantz., Inst. Rei. Herb. 1: 167. 1766; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 259. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 375. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 343. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 428. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 724. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 440. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 422. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 331. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 630. 1997; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 459. 2005; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 230. 2007; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 642. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 756. 2009.
Jatropha manihot L., Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
Manihot utilissima Phol., Pl. Bras. Ic. 1: 32. 1827; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 239. 1887; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1346(942). 1925.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Maracheeni, Marakizhangu, Kappa, Kollikizhangu, Poolakizhangu
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Topioca plant, Cassava, Manioc
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Description:
Shrubs; bark smooth, yellowish grey. Leaf-lobes 7-18 x 2.6-5.5 cm, oblanceolate, base cuneate, apex shortly acuminate, dark green above, pale greenish below; petiole 12-23 cm long, light greenish to red. Inflorescence lax, with 3-5 together in fascicles. Male flowers: perianth divided to halfway or more, greenish-white with reddish-white bands inside; anthers yellow; disc yellow to light orange. Female flowers: perianth green with red margin and midrib; disc pink; ovary with 6 longitudinal ridges. Capsule c. 2.5 cm across, subglobose, 3-winged when young, smooth later. Seeds up to 12 mm long.
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Habit:
Shrub
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Flowering & Fruiting:
December-March
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Cultivated
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Distribution:
Native of Brazil; now common throughout the tropics
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Pink, Creamy
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
Yes
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Maniyaar, Taliparamba, Pooyamkutty, Nilambur, Kulathupuzha, Damapady
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