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Oroxylum indicum
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Family:
BIGNONIACEAE
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Citation: Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 238. 1877; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 378. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 994(698). 1924; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 210. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 294. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 269. 1985; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 292. 1989; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 327. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 556. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 335. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 259. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 331. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 483. 1997; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 271. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 223. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 372. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 524. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 600. 2009.
Bignonia indica L., Sp. Pl. 625. 1753.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Aralu, Palakapayyani, Payyazhantha, Valpathiri, Vellapathiri, Veluthapathiri
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Indian trumpet flower, Broken Bones Plant, Tree of Damocles
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Description:
Medium sized trees, to 12 m high; bark 5-6 mm thick, surface brownish-grey; bole smooth. Leaves compound, 2-3 pinnate, pinnae 5-9; imparipinnate, opposite; leaflets 3-5 in each pinnae, opposite, 7.5-15 x 4-9 cm, ovate, apex acuminate, base cordate, oblique or truncate, margin entire, glabrous, chartaceous; rachis 60-100 cm, stout, glabrous; lateral nerves, 4-6 pairs, pinnate, prominent, puberulent beneath; intercostae reticulate. Flowers bisexual, in lax terminal racemes, reddish-purple outside, pinkish-yellow within, racemes to 30-50 cm long; pedicels 1-2 cm long. Calyx 2.5 cm long, campanulate, coriaceous, glabrous, limb truncate or obscurely toothed. Corolla ca10 cm long, fleshy, campanulate, 5-lobed, lobes 3 cm long. Stamens 5, perfect, the posterior one shortest, filaments inserted below the base of the tube, filaments hairy at base; connective with a short mucrone. Ovary subsessile, contracted at the base; ovule many; style slender; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, 40-75 x 5-8 cm, 2 valved, compressed, tapering at both end; seeds thin, papery, 5-6 cm long, winged all around except at base.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
July-December
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
South India and Sri Lanka
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Pink, Creamy, Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
50-1000
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Localities:
Peechi, Karimala, Dhoni R. F., Kannoth, Alakode, Mukkali forests, Nagamkulangara, Vadapuram, Thenmalai
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