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Tamarindus indica
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Family:
FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Subfam.: Caesalpinioideae)
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Citation: Tamarindus indica L., Sp. Pl. 34. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 273. 1878; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 409(290). 1919; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 94. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 164. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 147. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 168. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 147. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 225. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 184. 1990; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 36. 1992; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 170. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 114. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 166. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 110. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 237. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 115. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 109. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 201. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 261. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 330. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Amlam, Balapuli, Kolpuli, Puli, Valampuli
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Tamarind tree, Indian date, Sampalok
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Description:
Trees, to 20 m high, bark brown to brownish-black, rough with vertical fissures; branchlets warty, tomentose. Leaves paripinnate, alternate, leaflets 20-34, opposite, sessile, 1.5-4 x 0.4-1.3 cm, oblong, apex obtuse, base unequal, margin entire, glabrous, chartaceous; stipules lateral, minute, cauducous; rachis 8-13 cm long, slender, glabrous, pulvinate; lateral nerves 10-15 pairs, pinnate, slender, obscure, looped at the margin forming intramarginal nerve; intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flowers bisexual, 1 cm across, yellow with reddish-pink dots, in lax terminal racemes; bracts and bracteoles ovate-oblong, coloured, cauducous; pedicels upto 5 mm. Calyx tube narrowly turbinate, lined by disc; lobes 4, subequal, oblong, imbricate. Petals 3, outer one, 1 x 0.3 cm, rolled up, pink dotted, lateral 2, 1-1.5 x 0.7-1 cm, clawed, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, lower pair scaly. Stamens 9 monadelphous, only 3 fertile, others reduced to bristle, base pubescent; anthers versatile; ovary half inferior, stipitate, adnate to the disc, ovules many; style attenuate, tomentose; stigma globose. Fruit a pod 10-15 x 1-2 cm, oblong, fruit wall crustaceous, mesocarp pulpy, endocarp septate, leathery, indehiscent; seeds 3-8 or more, obovoid-orbicular, compressed, brown.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-April
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Cultivated
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Distribution:
Native of Tropical Africa; introduced and widely grown in India and other parts of tropics
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
Yes
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Vegetable:
Yes
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Peechi, Kallar, Chinnar, Keerapady, Adoor, Taliparamba, Karivara slopes, Walayar, Mukkali forests, Vazhikadavu, Kulathupuzha, Ariankavu, Muttar
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