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Trema orientalis
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Family:
ULMACEAE
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Citation: Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 62. 1856; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 484. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1350(944). 1928; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 274. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 375. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 350. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 258. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 429. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 371. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 743. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 442. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 429. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 349. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 13,26. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 424. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 299. 1997; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 73. 1998; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 656. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 389. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 295. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 307. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 623. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 459. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 656. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 765. 2009.
Celtis orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753.
Sponia wightii Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 10: 322. 1848.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Aamathali, Aarni, Amapotti, Amarathi, Ami, Javanthi, Omamaram, Pottama, Pottamaram, Ratthi, Thundinaru
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Charcoal tree, Gunpowder tree, Oriental nettle, Oriental trema
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Description:
Dioecious trees, to 15 m high, bark 0.6 cm, thin, greyish or bluish-green, rough, lenticellate; branchlets scabrous to adpressed pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate, 7.5-15 x 2.5-6 cm, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base obliquely cordate, margin serrulate, scabrid above, tomentose beneath, chartaceous, 3-5-ribbed from base, prominent; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 5-10 mm, slender, tomentose, grooved above; lateral nerves 3-4 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers unisexual, 3-4 mm across, greenish, in axillary fascicles or cymes; male flowers usually sessile; tepals 4 or 5, equal, 2 mm long, curved, ciliate; stamens 5; pistillode oblong; female flowers : tepals unequal, ciliate; ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled, ovate; style bifid, villous; stigma plumose. Fruit a drupe, 4 x 3 mm, globose, black; stylar tip persistent; seed globose.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-December
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Dry and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Tropical Africa, Asia and Australia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
500-700
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Localities:
Peechi, Kattalappara, Churullipetty, Thekkady, Parambikulam, Karimthalappara, Damsite, Moozhiar, Ranni, Kumbla, Sreekantapuram, Begur, Taliparamba, Devicolam, Dhoni R. F., Mukkali forests, Kaikatty forests-Pothundy, Boneccord, Kallar, Mulleria, Kalarcodu
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