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The Mountain
ranges traversing through the State are considered as the post Jurassic uplifts
due to the continental movements. These regions show similarities with some of
the mountains in Sri Lanka. Precambrian rock consisting mainly of gneisses,
charconites and schists is an important feature of this region. The soil
formation has been influenced by climate, geology, relief and biotic
interactions. Due to high heterogeneity in the topography, the soil differs from
place to place. Soil along the coastal plains consists of beaches, sand stones,
swamps, marshes and coastal laterite. The soil along the midland is composed of
laterite soil. It is subjected to exposure from various physical factors. It
contains high concentration of metals like Iron, Aluminium, Manganese, etc. with
relatively low concentrations of lighter elements and organic contents. The soil
in this region is more or less sandy or clayey in texture and moderately
drained. The soil in the hills and uplands is deep and well drained with high
gravel content. It is rich in minerals and organic contents. Soil type
influences the distribution of plants in this region. The alluvial soil drained
from slopes forms deep deposits in the river valleys and plateaus. The peculiar
low altitude marshy areas in the uplands are due to this phenomenon. |
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