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Anamirta cocculus
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Family:
MENISPERMACEAE
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Citation: Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. 446. 1834; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 93. 1872; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 28(19). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 29. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 66. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 57. 1985; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 60. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 10. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 50. 1990; A. Pramanik in B. D. Sharma et al., Fl. India 1: 311. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 50. 1994; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 11,18. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 35. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 22. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 46. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 11. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 14. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 6. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 50. 2005; M. Mohanan in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 178. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 80. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 103. 2009.
Menispermum cocculus L., Sp. Pl. 340. 1753.
Anamirta paniculata Colebr., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 66. 1822.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Garaphala, Kaipalathumka, Kollakkaya, Nanchuvalli, Pechuvalli, Pettumarunna, Polla, Pollakai
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Levant berries, Fish berries, Crow killer
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Description:
Woody climbers. Leaves simple, alternate, 20-25 x 15-19 cm, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margin entire; 5-ribbed, coriaceous; petiole 8-13 cm long. Flowers unisexual, many, in large drooping panicles on old branches. Sepals 6 in 2 rows, 3 x 2 mm, ovate, yellow. Petals absent. Stamens 9, combined into a globose staminal column, anthers sessile; staminodes 9 in female flowers, obovate, scaly. Carpels 3, free; style absent; stigma recurved. Fruit of 1-3 drupes, 1 cm across, obliquely ovoid, gibbous, black, smooth; seeds 1, black, glabrous.
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Habit:
Climber
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Flowering & Fruiting:
August-December
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Moist deciduous and evergreen forests, also sacred groves in the plains
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
-500
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Localities:
Peechi, Rosemala, Kulathupuzha, Koruthode, Dhoni R. F., Kuriarkutty, Chinnar, Angamoozhy, Taliparamba, Mukkali forests, Anmooly slopes, Olipara forests, Kasaragod, Bekalam, Kayamkulam, Nadugani ghats
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