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Hibiscus surattensis
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Family:
MALVACEAE
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Citation: Hibiscus surattensis L., Sp. Pl. 696. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 334. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 97(70). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 47. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 88. 1984; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 61. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 63. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 80. 1990; T.K. Paul in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 327. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 79. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 35. 1995; Sivar. & Pradeep, Malvac. Southern Peninsular India 119. 1996; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 18. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 59. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 37. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 85. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 31. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 28. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 84. 2005; M. Mohanan & A.V.N. Rao in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 422. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 121. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kakkapoovu, Mampazhaya, Pulichai, Panchakam
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Scandent or trailing undershrubs; stems, petioles and pedicels armed with recurved prickles. Leaves 3-5-palmilobed, 5-10 x 5-12 cm, ovate-suborbicular, lobes lanceolate, apex acute, shallowly cordate to subtruncate at base, margins coarsely serrate to dentate; basally 5-7-nerved, prickly below on the nerves; petiole 4-10 cm long; stipules 8-12 x 3-5 mm, foliaceous, auricled at base, margins ciliate. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicels 4-7 cm long, jointed at the base of flower, prickly. involucral bracts 10 -12, 18-22 x 2-3 mm, spathulate, bifurcate, spreading; appendage erect, up to 1 cm long, linear, pubescent. Calyx tube to 6 mm long; lobes 5, 1-1.5 cm long, ovate, long-acuminate, prickly. Corolla c. 5 cm across, creamy-yellow with dark purplish center; petals 2.5-5 x 2-4 cm, obovate, apex rounded. Staminal column 1.5-2 cm long, glandular hairy, antheriferous throughout; filaments 1-2 mm long. Ovary 3-4 mm long, subconical, densely appressed hairy; stigma capitate, pruplish. Capsules c. 2 cm long, ovoid or conical enclosed within accrescent calyx, densely covered with closely appressed hairs; seeds c. 3 mm long, angular, brownish-black.
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Habit:
Shrub
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Flowering & Fruiting:
October-January
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Pantropical
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow
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Weed:
Yes
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Peechi, Kattalappara, Koruthode, Karimala, Adoor, Cannanore, Olavakkot, Thenkara, Thiruvizhamkunnu, Kovalam, Vandanam, Thumboli, Nedumkayam, Vadapuram, Vandalodu, Ariankavu
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