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Terminalia paniculata
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Family:
COMBRETACEAE
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Citation: Terminalia paniculata Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 383.1821; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2:448.1878; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 465(329). 1919; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 104. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 175. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 157. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 102. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 179. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 159. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 245. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 197. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 184. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 130. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 10,16. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 178. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 119. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 259. 1997; Gangop. & Chakrab., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 21: 357. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 135. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 118. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 251. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 212. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 353. 2009.
Pentaptera paniculata (Roth) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 442. 1832.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Maruthu, Manjamaruthu, Peimaruthu, Pillamaruthu, Pullamaruthu, Venmaruthu
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Flowering murdah
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Description:
Deciduous trees, to 30 m high, bole often fluted; bark 15-20 mm thick, surface brown, rough, vertical fissures shallow, fibrous; young parts silky pubescent; branchlets reddish. Leaves simple, lower leaves subopposite, upper alternate, 10-24 x 5-10 cm, elliptic, oblong, ovate, elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, apex acute or acuminate, base round, obtuse, cordate or oblique, margin entire, rusty pubescent when young and glabrescent when mature, coriaceous, 2 sessile glands beneath the base of the lamina or at the junction of petiole and lamina; petiole 12-15 mm long, stout, slightly grooved above, glabrous; lateral nerve 5-15 pairs, pinnate, prominent, arched towards the margin, prominent, intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flowers bisexual, white, sessile, 6-12 mm across, in axillary and terminal panicles, tomentose; bracteoles 2-5 mm, linear-lanceolate, recurved. Calyx tube 1-1.2× 0.8-1 mm, constricted above the ovary, pubescent, lobes 5, cream, triangular, villous within. Petals 0. Stamens 10 in 2 rows; filaments 3-4 mm; disc 5-lobed, villous. Ovary 1 mm, inferior, 1-celled; ovules 2 or 3, pendulous; style to 4 mm, subulate, stigma terminal. Fruit a drupe 13 x 12 mm, reddish-brown, rusty tomentose, with one large and 2 small wings; seed one.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
August-February
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Moist and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Peninsular India
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
Peninsular India
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
400-1000
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Localities:
Peechi, Sholayar, Kattalappara, Thekkady, Koruthode, Padippara, Boneccord, Pathenthode, Aruvanpara, Adoor, Kannoth R.F., Elangad, Taliparamba, Sreekantapuram, Mukkali forests, Peringathukavu, Thiruvizhamkunnu, Walayar, Maloth, Mulleria, Nedumkayam, Kulat
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